STUDY SHEET BI 107
Instructor: Jason Fuller
1. Cell structure and function , be able to match, to label. p. 100 and 101.
2. Similarities and differences between plant cells and animal cells.
3. Cell surfaces and junctions p. 121.
Chapter 7: Plasma Membrane
1. Know the components of the cell membrane.
2. What is meant by “Fluid Mosaic”?
3. Know the 3 types of transport (passive, active, edo/exocytosis).
4. Define: diffusion, concentration gradient, osmosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic, facilitated diffusion, Cotransport
5. Know how animal and plant cells differ in response to hypo/hyper/isotonic environments.
1. Define “Energy”.
2. Define and give examples for the two types of energy: Kinetic and potential.
3. Define and explain the two laws of Thermodynamics.
4. Define and explain with example: metabolism, catabolism, anabolism
5. Contrast exergonic and endergonic reactions. Which will occur on their own?
6. Define: Enzyme. Have a good understanding and knowledge of enzyme structure and specificity.
7. Understand the effect of enzymes on activation energy.
8. Know the factors that can denature enzymes.
9. What is competitive inhibition, feedback inhibition, non competitive inhibition?
10. Have a clear idea of allosteric activator and allosteric inhibitor and their effect on an enzymatic reaction.
11. Know the difference between allosteric inhibitor and competitive inhibitor + their effect on the enzymatic reaction.
1. Understand redox reactions.
Definition of respiration: a. oxidation of sugar
b. removal of hydrogen from a compound.
Result: yield of energy.
2. Give the chemical equation for cellular respiration
3. Cellular respiration is the name given to metabolic pathways in which cells harvest energy from
the breaking down of the food molecules. This is done in four steps:
Glycolysis: - occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
- partial oxidation of glucose- glucose (6c) à 2 pyruvate ( 3c).
- Hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose.
- Removed hydrogens are collected and brought to ETC by NADH (only)
- Important enzymes: a. phosphofructokinase à regulation
b. hexokinase à add phosphate group to glucose (activation)
- Overall: formation of 2 ATP and 2 NADH and pyruvic acid
Transition period: - between glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Occurs in mitochondria.
- No ATP released by substrate-level phosphorylation
- Produces Acetyl CoA
- 2 NADH and 2 CO2 are released
Krebs Cycle or Citric acid cycle: in mitochondria
- total oxidation of glucose
- hydrogen atoms are removed and carried to ETC by NADH and FADH2
- Overall: 2 ATP are released (one for each cycle) by substrate-level phosph.
6 NADH are released (3 from each cycle)
2 FADH2 are released (one from each cycle)
4 CO2 are released ( 2 from each cycle)
Electron Transport Chain ( ETC): in cristae (mitochondria)
- receives hydrogen from the other steps.
- use energy released to drive ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation.
4. Know the overall process of each of the above stages.
5. Know in detail how the ETC works and how it drives the production of ATP.
6. Know the overall chart with the total ATP formed.
7. *Know that 1 NADH gives 3 ATP and 1 FADH gives 2 ATP
8. Contrast substrate level phosphorylation with oxidative phosphorylation.
9. Define chemiosomosis.
10. Be able to do some elementary math like:
a. How many ATP are produced in Krebs cycle through substrate-level phosphorylation or through oxidative phosphorylation.
b. Which step in respiration yields more energy ? (total) etc…
11. Know how many types of fermentation? Define fermentation. How does it differ from respiration?
1. Contrast light reactions with the Calvin cycle. Which produces ATP? NADPH? Sugar? Which releases O2?
2. Explain why plants are green. What wavelengths of light are absorbed? Which are reflected?
3. What is green light?
4. Explain how the energy in light is used by chlorophyll molecules.
5. What is a photosystem?
6. Describe non-cyclic and cyclic electron flow through the 2 photosystems.
7. How is ATP produced?
8. Describe in detail the inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle.
9. What is Rubisco?
10. What is photorespiration?
11. Do plants undergo cellular respiration?
12. Describe and contrast C3 , C4 and