STUDY SHEET BI 107:  Fall 2008

Lab Practical 1

In general, review the objectives at the beginning of each lab and all of the questions (you may see these on the practical).

Exercise 1 - Microscope

1. Review the parts of a compound microscope.  Know the name and function of each.

2. Review proper handling and care of the microscopes.

3. How do you calculate total magnification?

4. Review the orientation of an object viewed in a microscope.

5. Review the questions on p 7.

6. How were you able to determine the order of threads on the slide (pp 8 and 9)?

7. How do you calculate the size of objects viewed with the microscope?  Be able to calculate the diameter of field of view at different magnifications.

8. How do you prepare a wet mount?

Exercise 2 - Molecules

1. Review the monomer and polymer units of carbohydrates.

2. What is a reducing sugar?  Which procedure tested for reducing sugars?

3. Which procedure tested for monosaccharides?  starch?  Review the positive and negative results for each test and questions on pp 6&7.

4. Which procedure was used to test for proteins?  What specific structure in proteins did this test use?

5. Which procedure was used to test for lipids?

6. Be able to identify an unknown compound similar to p 11.

Exercise 3 – Enzymes

1. Define the following terms:

                catalyst, enzyme specificity, activation energy, substrate, enzyme-substrate complex, active site, denature

2. What chemical reaction did we use for this lab?  What were the reactants and products?  What enzyme was used?

3. Explain the importance of the two control tubes in the first activity.

4. What was the outcome of the experiment with hydroquinone?

5. What effect did temperature have on the rate of the reaction?  Why?

6. What effect did pH have on the rate of the reaction?  Why?

Exercise 4 – Osmosis/Diffusion

1. Define the following terms:

                free energy, diffusion, Brownian movement, dialysis, osmosis, selective permeability, solvent, solute,              hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic

2. Describe in your own words what diffusion is.  Osmosis?

3. Describe why the tubes used in activity 1 lost weight, stayed the same or gained weight.

4. What effect did temperature have on the rate of diffusion?

5. For activity 4, which molecules were able to pass through the membrane?  Why?

6. Be able to determine the direction of solute or water movement.

Exercise 5 – Respiration

1. Define the following terms:

                oxidation, reduction, cellular respiration, aerobic, anaerobic, fermentation, homeotherm, poikilothem

2. How do homeothermic animals maintain their body temperature?

3. What effect did varying the temperature have on the metabolic rate of our gerbil?

4. Why would we have weighed all the gerbils if we had more than one?

5. What were we directly measuring in the experiment?  How does this relate to metabolism?

6. What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Exercise 6 – Photosynthesis

1. Define the following terms:

                Light reaction, Dark reaction, Photosynthetic pigment, solubility

2. Describe in detail the separation of chloroplast pigments by paper chromatography?

3. Which wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by chloroplasts?  Which are reflected?

4. What is the relationship between the intensity of light and the rate of photosynthesis?

5. What is the equation for photosynthesis?