STUDY SHEET 3 BI 108
Chapters 29 and 30: Plants
1. List and describe the characteristics common to most plants. Be aware of plants groups that don’t have each characteristic. Why are these characteristics an advantage to terrestrial plants?
2. For each plant group, know whether they have: spore/seed, vascular tissue or none, cuticle or none, roots or none, flower or none
3. List the 3 phyla of bryophytes (phylum name is only necessary for mosses).
4. Describe the lifecycle of mosses. Define: antheridium, archegonium, sporophyte, gametophyte, sporangium. Which is the dominant generation?
5. Describe the type of habitat occupied by moss. What types of properties of Sphagnum are useful to us?
6. Describe the characteristics of pteridophytes. What plants fall into this group?
7. Describe the lifecycle of ferns. Which is the dominant generation? What is a prothallus? What is meant by homosporous? Describe how this applies to ferns. What name is given to the spore containing structures on ferns?
8. What is a seed? Describe the advantage of seeds over spores.
9. What is pollen? Describe the advantages to having pollen. What is pollination? What are some ways that plants are pollinated (contrast gymnosperm and angiosperm pollination)?
10. Define: heterosporous, megaspore, microspore
11. What are gymnosperms (in terms of their characteristics)? List the 4 phyla of gymnosperms we discussed in class.
12. Describe the general lifecycle of conifers. How does this differ from ferns and mosses?
13. What is the defining characteristic of angiosperms?
14. Describe the parts of a flower, including male and female reproductive structures. Be able to identify these on a diagram.
15. Describe the general lifecycle of angiosperms. What is the function of a pollen tube? What is double fertilization?
16. What are the 5 major differences between monocots and dicots?
Chapter 32: Animal Evolution
1. List the characteristics that distinguish animals from organisms in the other four kingdoms.
2. Compare parazoa and eumetozoa.
3. Distinguish between radial and bilateral symmetry. Give examples. Why are sea stars considered bilateral?
4. Distinguish among acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate.
5. Compare the developmental differences between protostomes and deuterostomes.
6. Be able to use the above characteristics to classify groups of organisms.
1. Classify each phylum of invertebrate as: parazoa/eumetozoa, radial/bilateral, acoelomate/pseudocoelomate/coelomate, protostome/deuterostome. Not all characteristics can be given to each group.
2. For each phylum studied, know the phylum name, classes if given, sample organisms, and characteristics of each (anatomical and morphological characteristics that make them distinct).
3. Understand the general organization and biology of a sponge, including reproduction and metabolism.
4. From the diagram identify the parts of a sponge and describe the function of each including: spongocoel, choanocyte, amoebocyte, osculum, and spicule.
5. Understand how the body plan of a cnidarian differs from most other animals (what name is given to their internal space?).
6. Describe the two body plans in Cnidaria and their role in Cnidarian life cycles.
7. List the three classes of Cnidaria and distinguish among them based upon life cycle and morphological characteristics.
8. Give the characteristics of Platyhelminthes that distinguish them from other phyla.
9. Compare and contrast the four classes of Platyhelminthes, give an example for each.
10. Life cycles of a trematode. Give an example of one fluke that parasitizes humans.
11. Anatomy and generalized life cycle of tapeworm.
12. Define parthenogenesis.
13. Understand the general organization of the phylum Nematoda and compare their systems to those of the acoelomate invertebrates.
14. Give examples of both free-living and parasitic species of nematodes.
15. General characteristics of Mollusca
16. Compare gastropods, cephalopods, bivalves, and polyplacophora à their morphology. Give an example of each.
17. Explain the advantages of segmentation and indicate the phyla that exhibit segmentation.
18. Understand the basic organization of annelids and how their organ systems compare to those of mollusks.
19. Indicate how the annelids are more advanced than the mollusks.
20. Distinguish among the classes of Annelids and give examples of each.
21. Indicate the importance of earthworm in farming, leeches in medicine.
22. Understand the necessity for segmentation and jointed appendages in the arthropods.
23. Differentiate between chelicerates and mandibulates in terms of appendages and mouthpart structure.
24. Distinguish between the three subphyla of arthropods.
25. Describe ecdysis as it applies to arthropods and understand why it is necessary.
26. Identify the major external features of arthropods that distinguish them from all previously presented animal phyla.
27. Understand the general biology of the subphylum Crustacea and indicate how its members differ from the more terrestrial arthropods.
28. Describe and illustrate the diversity of crustaceans.
29. Differentiate between millipedes and centipedes.
30. Describe the external characteristics of the class Insecta. What visible characteristics classify the group?
31. Be familiar with the orders of insects discussed in class.
32. Define and compare incomplete and complete metamorphosis.
33. Explain the difference in symmetry between larval and adult echinoderms.
34. Describe the general body plan of an adult echinoderm, compare its major organs systems to those of protostomic coelomates.
35. Differentiate among the five classes of echinoderms in terms of body plan, locomotion, tube feet modifications and feeding strategy.
36. Explain regeneration in echinoderms and how it relates to reproduction.
1. Indicate the three principle characteristics of chordates.
2. Compare the three subphyla of chordates and give examples of each.
3. Indicate the major characteristics possessed by all vertebrates and those features that separate them into seven classes.
4. Understand how amphibians differ from the three other classes of terrestrial vertebrates.
5. Describe how the reptiles are evolutionary more advanced than amphibians and why they are better adapted for a truly terrestrial existence.
6. Differentiate between endothermy and ectothermy, the advantages and disadvantages of each and indicate which classes of vertebrates fit into each category.
7. Understand the special adaptations possessed only by the class Aves.
8. Differentiate among monotremes, marsupials and placental mammals.