CHAPTER 2

CHEMISTRY COMES ALIVE

1. Define chemical reaction, anabolic reaction, and catabolic reaction.  Explain how energy is related to chemical reactions.  State how temperature affects the rate of chemical reactions.  

2. Define metabolism (see page 9).

3. Compare acidic, basic and neutral solutions with regard to hydrogen ions, hydroxyl ions, and the pH scale.  State the function of buffers.  State blood's normal pH and what will likely happen if our blood pH drifts out of this narrow range.

The following objectives were covered in your college biology prerequisite course.  Although this information will not be included on the exam, you will need to understand it to succeed in Biology 204.  We advise you to review in Chapter 2 any of these concepts which you do not have full confidence.

•   Define molecule, compound, chemical bond, and ion.

•   Define electrolyte, acid and base.  Define pH.  Describe the pH scale.

•   State two types of food molecules that are carbohydrates.  State the basic building block of all carbohydrates.  Briefly define the three types of carbohydrates.  State the primary function of carbohydrates.  Briefly explain how this function is achieved through cellular respiration of glucose, a carbohydrate common to our bodies (see p. 40).

•   Summarize the functions of lipids using Table 2.2 for neutral fat and p. 62 for other lipids.  You will not need to relate functions to particular kinds of lipids.

•   State the building blocks of proteins.  State the general function of fibrous and globular proteins.  Describe irreversible denaturation of proteins.

•   Define enzyme.  State the major component of enzymes.  Briefly describe the mechanism of enzyme activity.

•   Name the two nucleic acids and briefly state their function.

•   State the full name and function of ATP.