CHAPTER 8

JOINTS 

1. State the other name for joints. Define joints and state their function. Know that some joints do not allow movement (example: the sutures of the skull) while other joints allow a great deal of movement (example: the synovial joint of the shoulder).

2. Define synovial joint.

3. State the type of tissue composing articular cartilage.

4. State what is contained within the joint cavity.

5. State the functions of synovial fluid. State which component of the synovial joint produces synovial fluid.

6. State the functions of synovial joint ligaments.

7. State the type of tissue composing menisci and describe their function.

8. Describe the function, structure and general location of bursae (singular = bursa).

9. Define muscle origin and insertion. Explain how these terms are related to body movement.

10. Describe the following movements and be able to identify them when they are performed on the live body:

flexion rotation
dorsiflexion supination
extension pronation
hyperextension inversion
plantar flexion eversion
abduction elevation
adduction depression
circumduction

11. Define the following pathologies: sprain, dislocation, bursitis.

12. Define arthritis. State the initial symptoms of all forms of arthritis. State which form of arthritis is "wear-and-tear arthritis", which form of arthritis produces bone spurs, which form of arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder, and which form of arthritis deforms joints by fusing bones. You will not be tested on Gouty Arthritis.

13. Identify the following:

bursa knee joint
synovial joint (using knee joint) fibular collateral ligament
bone epiphyses tibial collateral ligament
articular cartilage anterior cruciate ligament synovial (joint) cavity posterior cruciate ligament articular capsule lateral meniscus
fibrous capsule medial meniscus
synovial membrane